温度对榴莲蜜一号生长的影响

以海南三亚和琼海地区3年生榴莲蜜一号植株为试验材料，研究不同月份的温度以及不同地区的温度对榴莲蜜一号生长的影响。结果表明，二地区的月平均温度与2级侧枝长度增长、2级侧枝叶片增长数和3级以上侧枝叶片增长数均呈现极显著和显著的正相关，即在适宜范围内，温度越高越能促进榴莲蜜侧枝的生长和叶片抽发。三亚地区榴莲蜜的树干直径较琼海地区粗3.18 cm，差异达极显著水平，而冠幅和株高的差异性则由于榴莲一号抗风性差、均通过修枝整形控制树型而未有显现。     

3种圭亚那柱花草根系分泌物对杂草幼苗生长的影响

为明确3种圭亚那柱花草（Stylosanthes guianensis Sw.）（‘热研2号’、‘热研5号’和热研21号）的根系分泌物对杂草生长的化感效应,采用营养液培法分别收集其根系分泌物,研究其对5种外来入侵杂草幼苗形态特征及生物量分配的影响。结果表明,除对含羞草（Mimosa pudica L.）幼苗无显著影响外,3种圭亚那柱花草对其余4种杂草的总化感综合效应均为抑制作用。‘热研5号’柱花草对杂草幼苗生长的化感抑制效应强于其他二者,对蒺藜草（Cenchrus echinatus L.）幼苗的根长、株高、地下生物量、地上生物量、总生物量和根冠比均有显著抑制效应（P<0.05）,对羽芒菊（Tridax procumbens L.）幼苗的侧根数、地下生物量和根冠比有显著抑制效应（P<0.05）,也显著抑制假臭草（Eupatorium catarium V.）幼苗的生物量向地下分配（P<0.05）,仅对鬼针草（Bidens pilosa L.）幼苗的抑制效应相对较弱。灰色关联分析表明,进行圭亚那柱花草的化感效应研究中应重点关注总生物量、地上生物量和株高。由此推测,3种圭亚那柱花草品种中,‘热研5号’柱花草具有防控外来入侵杂草的潜力。     

黄淮夏大豆形态性状的遗传研究

本文以黄淮地区6个夏大豆品种(系)通过双列杂交保留下来的F_3代材料,研究大豆6个形态性状的遗传特性.结果表明,株高、有效分枝数、主茎节数、主茎荚丛数和茎粗5个性状均符合加性—显性模型.而底荚高则存在非等位基因之间的互作效应.株高、有效分枝数、主茎节数和主茎荚丛数为部分显性,茎粗存在超显性现象.主茎节数和主茎荚丛数可能有相似的遗传特点.豫豆8号大豆带有较多的控制株高的显性基因,油84-30大豆带有较多的控制分枝和茎粗的显性基因,而尖顶大白角大豆控制主茎节数和美丛数的显性基因较多.     

Canola genotypes differ in potassium efficiency during vegetative growth

There is no knowledge about the differential capacity of canola genotypes to take up potassium (K) and produce dry matter under conditions of low soil K availability. Hence, 84 canola genotypes were screened for K efficiency in the glasshouse. Plants were grown in sealed pots containing K-responsive, sandy soil without or with K added. Twelve genotypes were selected for advanced screening in the glasshouse in a different K-responsive soil. Genotypes with a mean K efficiency ratio (the ratio of shoot dry weight at deficient and adequate K supply) greater than one standard error above or below the median genotype value were classified as K-efficient or K-inefficient, respectively. There were significant differences between genotypes in the K efficiency ratio in both screening experiments, indicating that genotypes responded differently to K availability. In the initial screening experiment, 19 genotypes were rated as K-efficient and nine genotypes rated as K-inefficient based on the K efficiency ratio. In the advanced screening experiment with 12 genotypes, three genotypes were rated as K-efficient and two as K-inefficient. Genotypes Wesbarker and Rainbow were K-efficient and Genkai K-inefficient in both experiments. Correlation of the K efficiency ratio with (i) shoot K content in the initial and advanced screening and (ii) shoot K concentration in the advanced screening, indicates that the observed differences in K efficiency were due to genotypic differences in both the uptake and the utilization of K. K-efficient genotypes have a potential to improve canola yields on soils with low K availability.     

Characterization of six varieties of Cucumis melo L. based on morphological and physiological characters, including shelf-life of fruit

Seventy-two accessions covering six varieties of Cucumis melo were characterized by using 35 morphological characters with emphasis on shelf-life, and the relationships between shelf-life and related characters was investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that development period of plant and fruit, size of seed and fruit, shelf-life, stem hair, flesh juiciness, netting, abscission of peduncle, rapid yellowing of epidermis at maturity, Brix value, and color of flesh and epidermis etc. were the principal characters to discriminate melon accessions examined in the present study. According to the scatter diagram, vars. acidulusand makuwa, both of which belong to the Oriental melon, are closely related because of their short growth duration, small seed, thin pericarp and poor shelf-life, while American cantaloupe (var.reticulatus) and European cantaloupe (var. cantalupensis) are rather closely related due to their climacteric fruit with orange flesh, slipped peduncle and rapid yellowing of epidermis at maturity, which is closely related with their shelf-life. PCA also indicated that var. saccharinus was closer to var. inodorus than to the other varieties, due to their requirement of long period for development, large size of seed and fruit, and half- or non-slipped peduncle. Shelf-life of melon fruit was significantly correlated with the following characters: quality of flesh, size of seed and fruit, abscission of peduncle, development periods of plant and fruit, rapid yellowing of epidermis at maturity, Brix value and color of flesh and epidermis. Accessions with good shelf-life were mostly found in vars. saccharinus and inodorus. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因水稻种子萌发和苗期耐盐性的研究

用0.0、3.0、5.0g/L NaCl对2个转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因水稻51-22、52-7与受体亲本中花8进行萌发期盐胁迫试验.结果表明,盐胁迫下转基因材料受抑程度小于受体亲本,尤以52-7表现明显.用0.0、3.0、5.0g/L NaCl对51-22、52-7和中花8在幼苗期进行14 d盐胁迫试验.结果表明,低盐胁迫时幼苗受盐害较小,高盐胁迫时转基因材料耐盐性优于受体亲本;在盐胁迫7 d后,转基因材料体内脯氨酸含量明显高于受体亲本,同一品种随盐度增大,脯氨酸含量升高.     

静压式平面空气轴承压力场的有限元分析

采用有限元理论分析了静压式平面空气轴承的压力场，并讨论了空气轴承压力场边界条件的处理。分析结果表明，空气轴承的压力场呈现尖峰状分布。分析结果已应用于三坐标测量机的空气轴承设计中，取得了令人满意的效果。     

水芹的理化特性研究

以"节水型"水芹和贵阳地区的野生水芹为试材,研究了其膨胀力、持水率和束缚重金属离子能力的差异。结果表明:"节水型"水芹叶柄的膨胀力和持水率显著高于水芹叶和野生水芹;野生水芹对Pb2+和Cu2+的最大束缚量显著高于"节水型"水芹,材料间对Pb2+和Cu2+的最小束缚浓度存在显著差异。